Table 1 Main characteristics of the different groups

Age (years), Median [IQR]

48 [45–50]

ns

45 [38–49]

48 [42–52]

42 [37–45]

ns

38 [34–47]

Gender (% of male)

91

ns

85

76

94

ns

55

Time since HIV diagnosis (years), Median [IQR]

10.1 [4.1–20.4]

ns

11.8 [7.5–16.6]

12.2 [8.9–17.4]

11.6 [4.9–13.4]

ns

–

Time on HAART (years), Median [IQR]

5.2 [3.5–11.4]

ns

11.2 [7.4–12.6]

11.4 [8.8–12.6]

10.6 [3.7–12.8]

ns

–

Current HAART (% PI-based)

70

*

33

41

25

*

–

HCV coinfection (%)

35

ns

21

36

15

*

0

Ratio CD4/CD8, Median [IQR]

0.23 [0.17–0.33]

*

0.87 [0.60–1.11]

0.76 [0.54–0.87]

1.06 [0.86–1.1]

ns

1.64 [1.31–1.81]

CD4 T cell counts (cells/µL), Median [IQR]

220 [192–253]

*

798 [600–998]

703 [600–896]

881 [672–1,075]

ns

779 [629–1,072]

Nadir (cells/µL), Median [IQR]

64 [15–122]

*

239 [76–345]

76 [19–185]

351 [280–429]

*

–

CD4 T-cell gain (cell/µL/year HAART), Median [IQR]

27 [9–54]

*

53 [46–102]

53 [46–93]

53 [36–124]

ns

–

CD4 T cell (% of lymph), Median [IQR]

14 [10–17]

*

31 [27–39]

29 [27–33]

37 [29–40]

ns

42 [36–45]

CD4 T-cell death (%), Median [IQR]

9.3 [7.5–15.1]

*

4.6 [3.3–5.9]

4.9 [4.4–5.6]

4.3 [2.9–6.1]

ns

4.0 [3.2–4.7]

CD38⁺CD45RA⁻ (% of CD4 T cells), Median [IQR]

37 [29–41]

*

25.7 [20–32]

26.5 [20–32]

25.1 [20–31]

ns

HLA-DR⁺CD95⁺ (% of CD4 T cells), Median [IQR]

16 [7.7–21.6]

*

4.5 [3.7–6.7]

4.7 [4.2–6.3]

4.4 [3.2–7.1]

ns

2.0 [1.5–2.7]

CD8 T cell counts (cells/µL), Median [IQR]

940 [754–1,146]

ns

908 [771–1,239]

1,118 [855–1,380]

811 [637–1,121]

ns

459 [433–548]

CD8 T cell (% of lymph), Median [IQR]

56 [51–61]

*

38 [34–46]

39 [36–47]

36 [32–40]

ns

24 [23–27]

CD8 T cell death (%), Median [IQR]

7.1 [4.8–10.3]

ns

6.5 [5.0–12.4]

8.8 [6.1–11.0]

6.1 [4.8–14.9]

ns

3.9 [3.4–4.9]

CD38⁺CD45RA⁻ (% of CD8 T cells), Median [IQR]

31 [23–36]

*

23 [19–35]

25 [21–36]

21 [19–26]

ns

9 [5–13]

HLA-DR⁺CD95⁺ (% of CD8 T cells), Median [IQR]

12.6 [6.9–22.4]

ns

9.1 [5.6–13.0]

9.8 [5.4–13.6]

8.5 [5.6–13.0]

ns

sCD14 (µg/mL), Median [IQR]

8.4 [7.7–10.2]

ns

8.8 [7.2–9.7]

9.2 [7.6–10.1]

8.0 [7.1–9.2]

ns

4.2 [3.9–4.6]