Fig. 10

T_CM-derived CAR-T cells produce more CAR^hi T cells. a Bulk T-cell–derived CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ CAR-T cells were co-incubated with CD19⁺ K562 target cells without exogenous cytokines, and T-cell subtype distribution was quantified after 24 h. T_CM: central memory T cells; T_EM: effector memory T cells; T_EMRA: effector memory-CD45RA⁺ T cells; T_E: effector T cells; T_Exh: exhausted T cells. b Bulk- and T_CM-derived CD8⁺ CAR-T cells were co-incubated with CD19⁺ K562 target cells, and the % CAR^hi and EGFRt and CD25 expression levels among CAR^hi cells were quantified. c Both the bulk- and T_CM-derived populations separated into CAR^hi/CD25⁺ and CAR^lo/CD25⁻, with the T_CM-derived sample showing higher CD25 expression overall. In both samples, a subpopulation of contaminating CAR⁻ cells was also CD25⁺, possibly due to paracrine stimulation from CAR⁺ cells. d Target cell lysis was monitored over 5 days. Average values of triplicates are shown with error bars indicating ± 1 s.d.