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Figure 2 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Figure 2

From: Focused ultrasound-induced blood–brain barrier opening to enhance interleukin-12 delivery for brain tumor immunotherapy: a preclinical feasibility study

Figure 2

FUS-BBB opening confirmation/ immune-response in normal rats and experimental timelines. (A) Gross brain sections to assess Evans blue dye leakage in brain tissue exposed to 5-W FUS-induced BBB opening as well as the combined large-scaled erythrocyte extravasations after 20-W FUS exposure). (B) Population comparison of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes in controlled, 5-W FUS-exposed, and 20-W FUS-exposed normal animals. The CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ cells specifically represent populations of helper T lymphocytes (Th), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg), respectively. (n = 7 per group). (C) The experimental timeline.

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