Figure 3

TS inhibits RANKL-induced TNF-α s secreted by RAW 264.7 cells. Confluent RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with or without TS (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 μg/mL) for 2 h, followed by stimulation with RANKL (50 ng/mL) for 24 h, and supernatants were analyzed for TNF-α by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). Data are represented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^## P < 0.001 significantly different from control. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 significantly different from RANKL only group.