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Table 1 Prevalent causes of death of legitimate and illegitimate children in the analyzed calendar years

From: The XIX century smallpox prevention in Naples and the risk of transmission of human blood-related pathogens

Causes of death

Legitimate children*

Illegitimate/exposed children*

Calendar Year

1887

1888

1889

1887

1888

1889

Preterm birth and congenital malformations

46.0

49.4

44.9

74.7

78.0

73.1

Enteritis and diarrhea

33.1

35.4

34.3

47.4

45.6

44.9

Gastritis

---

---

---

---

---

---

Syphilis

0.5

0.5

0.5

8.0

9.1

9.8

Calendar Year

1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

Preterm birth and congenital malformations

43.6

40.5

41.8

40.3

44.9

81.0

69.2

73.6

71.9

67.7

Enteritis and diarrhea

39.5

38.5

43.0

36.5

44.7

60.5

54.3

58.7

52.1

37.5

Gastritis

2.7

3.1

3.3

3.2

3.6

4.9

6.1

6.7

7.6

8.0

Syphilis

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

12.0

10.6

12.2

13.4

10.4

  1. *Number of children death in the first year of life per 1000 children born alive.
  2. (English version of Figure 1, from page 57 of Ref [14]).