Table 5 Effect of AA on antioxidant enzymes viz. CAT, SOD, GST, GPx, G6PD and GR of T2D rats

Kidney

CAT (U mg⁻¹ of protein)

226.34 ± 16.33

153.74 ± 9.11^#

207.28 ± 12.03*

212.65 ± 13.77*

216.33 ± 17.88*

SOD (U mg⁻¹ of protein)

140.32 ± 7.05

98.51 ± 6.16^#

123.82 ± 6.07*

129.15 ± 6.92**

128.56 ± 6.94*

GST (μmol h⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

0.71 ± 0.07

0.46 ± 0.04^$

0.59 ± 0.05

0.68 ± 0.06*

0.67 ± 0.04*

GPx (nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

68.20 ± 5.91

40.43 ± 5.57^$

54.20 ± 6.12

59.93 ± 8.63

61.82 ± 6.64

GR (nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

69.81 ± 4.90

41.82 ± 3.31^#

59.48 ± 5.63

61.63 ± 5.74*

63.85 ± 6.30*

G6PD (nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

133.64 ± 7.07

97.44 ± 5.19^#

117.65 ± 7.69

125.38 ± 8.57*

126.41 ± 6.45*

Heart

CAT (U mg⁻¹ of protein)

287.50 ± 11.61

192.26 ± 10.52^#

230.63 ± 16.50

255.41 ± 15.18*

254.98 ± 20.62*

SOD (U mg⁻¹ of protein)

133.66 ± 7.54

95.14 ± 4.66^#

115.45 ± 7.67

121.96 ± 7.18*

123.60 ± 7.82*

GST (μmol h⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

1.63 ± 0.13

1.07 ± 0.12^#

1.47 ± 0.10

1.53 ± 0.13*

1.55 ± 0.11*

GPx (nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

81.49 ± 8.08

96.74 ± 7.01^#

133.45 ± 10.13*

138.62 ± 10.69*

139.69 ± 8.35**

GR (nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

26.87 ± 2.45

50.20 ± 4.29^#

67.20 ± 4.70

73.28 ± 6.67*

75.08 ± 4.69*

G6PD (nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ of protein)

101.70 ± 7.04

71.23 ± 4.22^#

88.48 ± 6.29

94.55 ± 4.03*

92.90 ± 4.43*