Figure 1

Detection of HBV antigens in DRibbles. HepG2.2.15 cells were treated without (lane 1) or with Bortizomib alone (lane 2), Rapamycin alone (lane 3), Bortizomib plus Rapamycin (lane 4) or combination of Bortizomib, Rapamycin and NH₄Cl (lane 5) for 18 h. Lysates were prepared for the HBsAg and the LC3 conversion analysis by western blot (A,B). The HBV⁺ DRibbles prepared from both untreated and treated cells were analyzed for LC-3-I and LC-3-II by western blot analysis (C). Anti-β-actin antibody was included as a sample loading control. Morphology of DRibbles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (D). The amount of HBeAg (E) and HBsAg (F) in the DRibbles were quantified by ELISA.