Figure 3

Alizarin Red staining of MSCs seeded on PDMS, graphene, and GO substrates. A higher amount of Alizarin Red, which is an indicator of osteogenic differentiation, is found in MSCs cultured on graphene (C) for 12 days in osteogenic differentiation medium than that cultured on GO (E) and PDMS (A) in the same conditions. In presence of basal medium, MSCs do not show staining for Alizarin Red in none of the 3 substrates (B, D, F)[13].