Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of pregnant women at or before enrollment by assignment
| Â | Usual care (n = 361) | Shared care (n = 339) | Â |
|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Mean (SD) or n(%) | Mean (SD) or n(%) | P value†|
At the 1 st antenatal care visit | Â | Â | Â |
Age, year | 29.7(3.2) | 29.9(3.5) | 0.475 |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â |
  Han | 350(97.0%) | 329(97.0%) | 0.940 |
Others | 11(3.1%) | 10(3.0%) | Â |
Smoking status | Â | Â | 0.753 |
Ex-smoker | 16(4.4%) | 12(3.5%) | Â |
Current smoker | 3(0.8%) | 4(1.2%) | Â |
Alcohol intake | Â | Â | 0.507 |
Ex-occasional drinker | 97(26.9%) | 79(23.3%) | Â |
Current occasional drinker | 14(3.9%) | 16(4.7%) | Â |
Body height, cm | 163(4.5) | 162(5.1) | 0.091 |
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 23.4(3.9) | 22.9(3.6) | 0.111 |
BMI classification | Â | Â | 0.365 |
Below 18.5 (underweight) | 23(6.4%) | 25(7.4%) | Â |
18.0-23.9 (normal weight) | 202(56.0%) | 206(60.8%) | Â |
24.0-27.9 (overweight) | 91(25.2%) | 77(22.7%) | Â |
28.0 and above (obesity) | 45(12.5%) | 31(9.1%) | Â |
Parity | Â | Â | Â |
0 | 342(95.0%) | 323(95.3%) | 0.870 |
1 and more | 18(5.0%) | 16(4.7%) | Â |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 107(10.2) | 108(10.9) | 0.742 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 69(7.5) | 70(7.8) | 0.339 |
Gestational age at the first visit, weeks | 10.8(2.3) | 10.8(2.4) | 0.593 |
At screening for and diagnosis of GDM | Â | Â | Â |
GCT, mmol/L‡ | 8.9(8.3-9.8) | 9.0(8.4-9.8) | 0.364 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 109(10.1) | 109(10.7) | 0.786 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 69(7.6) | 70(7.5) | 0.554 |
HbA1c, % | 5.0(0.5) | 5.0(0.5) | 0.771 |
OGTT | Â | Â | Â |
Fasting PG, mmol/L | 5.0(0.5) | 5.1(0.6) | 0.084 |
1-h PG, mmol/L | 10.0(1.3) | 10.1(1.4) | 0.366 |
2-PG, mmol/L | 8.4(1.4) | 8.4(1.2) | 0.983 |
Fasting insulin, mIU/L‡ | 8.7(5.7-12.8) | 9.0(5.6-12.8) | 0.867 |
2-h insulin, mIU/L‡ | 86.1(51.1-128.8) | 82.6(50.9-123.1) | 0.703 |
Weight gain at OGTT, kg | 9.7(4.4) | 9.8(4.4) | 0.774 |
Gestational age at OGTT, weeks‡ | 26.3(25.4-27.1) | 26.3(25.4-27.4) | 0.410 |