Protection | Model | Effect | Mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cancer | Bladder cancer cells | ↓cell proliferation | n.d. | [75] |
Breast cancer cells | ↓cell proliferation | ↓Cyclin D1, ↓Pin1, | ||
cell cycle arrest | ↑c-jun, ↑H2O2 | |||
↓motility and invasiveness | ||||
↑apoptosis | ||||
↓DNA damage | ||||
Colon cancer cells | ↓cell proliferation | ↑H2O2 | ||
↑apoptosis | ||||
↓motility and invasiveness | ||||
Glia cancer cells | ↓motility | n.d. | [79] | |
Leukemia cells | ↓cell proliferation | ↑H2O2, ↑Cyclin D3, | ||
cell cycle arrest | ↓CDK6 | |||
↑apoptosis | ||||
↓DNA damage | ||||
Prostate cancer cells | ↓cell proliferation | ↑H2O2, ↑O2 − | ||
↑apoptosis | ||||
Renal cancer cells | ↓cell proliferation | n.d. | [79] | |
Thyroid cancer cells | cell cycle arrest | ↓pAKT, ↓pERK | [80] | |
↑apoptosis | ||||
Mice xenograft and albino hairless HOS:HR-mice | ↓tumor growth | ↓COX-2, ↓VEGF, ↓MMP-2/9/13 | ||
Neurodegenerative disease | Brain hypoxia-reoxygenation | antioxidant ↓inflammation | ↓lipid peroxidation, ↓PGE2, ↓IL1β, ↓NO | [92] |
In vitro assay | ↓Tau aggregation | n.d. | [90] | |
Sprague–Dawley rats | ↓spinal cord injury | ↓MDA activity | [91] | |
Skin disease | Albino hairless HOS:HR and C57BL/6J mice | ↑UVB protection | ↓MMP-13 | |
Balb/c mice | ↑wound healing | ↑VEGF | [95] |