Figure 3

Profiles of mRNA expression in infarct area. A) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression was remarkably higher in group 2 than in other groups, notably higher in group 3 and 4 than in group 1 and 5, and significantly higher in group 5 than in group 1. † vs. other groups, p < 0.0001 (ANOVA test). B) Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA expression markedly increased in group 2 than in other groups, notably increased in group 3 and 4 than in group 1 and 5, but no remarkable difference between group 3 and 4 or between group 1 and 5. † vs. other groups, p < 0.0001 (ANOVA test). C) & D) Substantially higher mRNA expressions of caspase 3 (C) and Bax (D) in group 2 than in other groups, and significantly higher in group 3 and 4 than in group 1 and 5, but no notable difference between group 3 and 4 or between group 1 and 5. † vs. other groups, p < 0.0001 (ANOVA test). E) & F) Significantly lower mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and PGC-1α in group 2 than in other groups and markedly lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 1 and 5, but no difference between group 3 and 4 and between group 1 and 5. † vs. other groups, p < 0.0001 (ANOVA test). G) Substantially higher mRNA expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in group 2 than in other groups and remarkably higher in group 3 and 4 than in group 1 and 5, but no significant difference between group 3 and 4 or between group 1 and 5. † vs. other groups, p < 0.001 (ANOVA test). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) from A) to G) indicate significance (at 0.05 level) (by Scheffe multiple-comparison post hoc test) (n = 6 for each group).