Biomarkers in T cell therapy clinical trials

Table 1 Categories and attributes of T cell biomarkers

Category	Platforms	Assay	Advantages	Disadvantages
Presence	Flow cytometry	Surface marker detection	Individual cells detected	Sample intensive Low sensitivity Specific detection reagent
	PCR	Transgene-specific amplification	High sensitivity	Bulk analysis
	Deep sequencing	Detection of specific TcR clonotypes	Extremely high sensitivity	Technology intensive
Phenotype/Function	Flow cytometry	Surface and intracellular marker detection	Individual cells detected Many markers available	Sample intensive Relevant functional markers unclear
Bioactivity	Flow Cytometry	Surface and intracellular marker detection	Individual cells detected	Low sensitivity Sample intensive
	Biochemical	Soluble factor detection	Multi-plexable Mechanistic	Bulk analysis Potentially indirect
	High-throughput Arrays	Transcriptional profiling Proteomic profiling Cytokine profiling	Relatively unbiased High throughput Mechanistic	High end Cost intensive
Immune response	Flow cytometry	Cellular and humoral immune responses	Individual responses can be characterized	Low sensitivity Often requires in vitro expansion
	ELISA	Humoral immune responses	High sensitivity

ISSN: 1479-5876