Figure 1

Automated, Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) of expression of p85, p110α and mTOR in renal cell carcinoma. AQUA uses cytokeratin to create a tumor mask (two upper left quadrants at × 10). Cytokeratin staining was cytoplasmic and the mask is made by filling in holes (lower left quadrants on left). 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) defines the nuclear compartment within the tumor mask, which is then subtracted from the tumor mask to create a cytoplasmic compartment within the tumor mask. Target expression (A - p85, B - p110α and C - mTOR) expression is measured within the cytoplasmic compartments, within the tumor mask (lower right quadrants), and each clinical case is assigned a score based on pixel intensity per unit area within the tumor mask. Squares on right show × 40 magnification. in the tissue microarray. The correlation with p110α was particularly strong.