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Table 1 Stages of chronic renal disease defined by the National Kidney Foundation of the U.S.A. according to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR, in mL/min per 1.73 m2 of body surface), and common manifestations observed in each stage.

From: Etiopathology of chronic tubular, glomerular and renovascular nephropathies: Clinical implications

Stage

GFR

Common symptoms

1

≥ 90*

-

2

60-90*

↑ Parathyroid hormone, ↓renal calcium reabsorption

3

30-59

Left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia secondary to erythropoietin deficiency

4

15-29

↑ Serum triglycerides, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, bone pain

5

< 15

Renal failure: severe uremic symptoms

  1. *CKD is defined as either GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months or a GFR above those values in the presence of evidence of kidney damage such as abnormalities in blood or urine (e.g proteinuria) tests or imaging studies. ↑: increase; ↓: decrease.