|
Macrophages
|
MT-knockout results in defects in phagocytosis and antigen presentation
|
[73]
|
|
Dendritic cells
|
Zinc induces maturation and increases surface MHCII
|
[70]
|
|
NK cells
|
Zinc increases cytotoxicity and restores IFN-γ production
|
[50, 52, 61]
|
|
NKT cells
|
Zinc release from MTs in limited during chronic stress. Stress and inflammation induce MT gene expression, further sequestering zinc
|
[31, 66, 67]
|
|
iNKT cells
|
Cells lacking PLZF lack innate cytotoxicity and do not secrete IL-4 and IFN-γ
|
[68]
|
|
CD4 thymocytes
|
Zinc deficiency elevates glucocorticoid levels, causing apoptosis and reduced numbers of thymocytes
|
[52, 57]
|
|
CD4 helper T cells
|
Zinc deficiency shifts Th1 to Th2 response via altered cytokine release
|
[10, 48, 56, 176]
|
|
CD8 thymocytes
|
Zinc deficiency results in reduced numbers of thymocytes due glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis
|
[48, 52]
|
|
T cells
|
Zinc deficiency results in decreased function due reduced biologically active thymulin
|
[53–55]
|
|
T reg
|
?
| |
|
Mast cells
|
Required for IL-6 and TNF-α production
|
[71, 72]
|
