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Table 1 Baseline clinico-pathologic characteristics and serum level of CEA or HMGB1 according to disease groups

From: Serum high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is closely associated with the clinical and pathologic features of gastric cancer

Groups of diseases (n)

Normal (50)

High-risk Group (50)*

EGC Group (40)

AGC Group (45)

Metastatic GC group (42)

Clinical factors

     

Age (mean ± S.D; year)

56.0 ± 13

57.5 ± 12.3

61.5 ± 12.0

59.8 ± 13.7

54.7 ± 11.9

Male/female (n)

32:18

31:19

25:15

28:17

26:16

H. pylori infection (-/+, n)

21:29

30:20

18:22

27:18

20:22

Pathological factors

     

Size of main tumor (cm)

NS

NS

4.1 ± 2.7

9.2 ± 5.9

11.8 ± 4.6

Differentiation

NS

NS

   

Intestinal type

  

25

21

14

   Diffuse type

  

15

24

28

Tumor location

NS

NS

   

   Antrum/Body

  

31

28

21

   Cardia

  

9

10

12

   Diffuse

  

0

7

7

Depth of invasion

NS

NS

   

m, sm

  

24, 16

2, 0

0, 0

mp, ss

  

0

9, 13

3, 10

se, a1–3

  

0

19, 2

1, 0

Lymph-node metastasis

NS

NS

   

N0

  

39

9

1

N1

  

1

17

2

N2

  

0

10

3

N3

  

0

9

8

Lymphovascular invasion (-/+)

NS

NS

33: 7

10: 35

6: 10

Distant metastatic organ

NS

NS

NS

NS

 

Liver

    

18

Peritoneum

    

19

Others

    

16

   Stage

NS

NS

   

I

  

40

  

II

   

19

 

III

   

26

 

IV

    

42

Serum CEA (ng/ml)

1.7 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 1.8

1.6 ± 0.9

3.8 ± 8.1

46.3 ± 551.5

Serum HMGB1 (ng/ml)§

3.9 ± 3.4

6.3 ± 6.3

9.9 ± 11.5

16.5 ± 27.4

14.1 ± 13.2

  1. EGC, early gastric cancer; ACG, advanced gastric cancer; GC, gastric cancer; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori; mucosa; sm, sub-mucosa; mp, muscularis propria; ss, sub-serosa; se, serosa, a1, adventitia; a2, definite invasion into adventitia; a3, invasion into neighboring structures; N0, no lymph node metastases; N1, 1 to 6 regional lymph node metastases; n2, 7 to 15; N3, greater than 15; NS, not studied.
  2. *This group includes intestinal metaplasia and adenoma.
  3. Others include ovary, pancreas, colon, bone, adrenal gland, lung, etc.
  4. Serum CEA level was not significantly different among normal, high-risk, EGC, and AGC groups (ANOVA, p > 0.05). It was merely significantly higher in metastatic GC group (M group) compared with other groups (p <0.05).
  5. §Serum HMGB1 level was significantly difference among normal, high-risk, EGC, AGC, and M groups (ANOVA, p <0.05). And serum HMGB1 level tended to increase according to the progression of the gastric carcinogenesis.
  6. Pathological factors such as depth of invasion, node metastasis, frequency of lymphovascular or perineural invasion were not fully investigated in M group because most of patients in this stage could not be received an operation.