Figure 3

Phases of the post-traumatic inflammatory response. The post-traumatic inflammatory response is considered to be made up of three overlapping phases with increasingly complex trophic functional systems for using oxygen. During the first or nervous phase, oxidative and nitrosative stress are produced. In the second or immune phase, enzymatic stress is produced and in the third or endocrine phase, oxidative phosphorylation is reached and therefore, energetic stress is produced. N: Nervous phase with oxidative stress and edema which progressively subsides(blue). I: Immune phase with enzymatic stress and its subsequent neutralization(yellow). E: Endocrine phase with its initial tissue de-structuring and subsequent tissue repair through regeneration and/or fibroplasia.(red).