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Table 2 Recent evidence for indirect immunomodulatory mechanisms of HDI

From: Adjuvant therapy of melanoma with interferon: lessons of the past decade

Increase in Tumor Infiltrating cells36

Development of autoantibodies and clinical manifestations of autoimmunity (~30%)37,38

Decrease in Circulating Treg cells51

Modulation of the STAT1/STAT3 balance in tumor cells and host lymphocytes52

Change in serum cytokine concentrations53

Normalization of T cell STAT 1 signaling defects in peripheral blood lymphocytes54