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Figure 3 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Figure 3

From: Adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer made lymphopenic and reconstituted with autologous PBMC: first clinical experience and evidence of an immune response

Figure 3

Local vaccine site reaction and immunohistochemistry of punch biopsies. (A) Typical vaccine site reaction 48 h following the third vaccination. Clinically, the reaction was characterized by erythema, induration and pruritus. Note the catheter for local infusion of GM-CSF placed in the center of the vaccine application site. Punch biopsies were taken at the reaction site and assessed immunohistochemically. Histopathological assessment of punch biopsy specimens taken at the local vaccine site reaction 48 h following the third vaccine revealed a dense infiltrate consisting predominantly of macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes (B, ×100). In contrast to unrelated skin sites, CD1a-positive dendritic cells were present at the vaccine site (C, ×400). Further immunohistochemical staining showed that most of the CD3-positive lymphocytes (D, ×400) in the patient with the strongest vaccine site reaction were CD4-positive cells (E, ×100).

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