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Table 2 Expression and clinical features of hK members in ovarian cancer

From: Ovarian cancer, the coagulation pathway, and inflammation

hK family member

Location

Expression level and site

Clinical feature

Prognosis

hK4

Tumor cells

Increased in EOC tissue

Predictive marker for paclitaxel resistance[22]

Unfavorable

hK5

Serum, ascites, and tumor extracts [23, 24]

Increased on tumor cells and in serum and ascites

Potential biomarker for diagnosis

Unfavorable

hK6

Tumor cell[26] and serum[25]

High in early-stage and low-grade tumor tissue and in EOC serum

Overexpression is an early phenomenon in the development of ECO; serum level could be used as a biomarker

Unfavorable

hK7

Tumor tissue[27]

High in late-stage EOC

A potential biomarker for diagnosis

Unfavorable

hK8

Tumor extract, serum, and ascites[29]

High in serum and ascites

High level is associated with good prognosis[28, 29]

Favorable

hK9

Tumor cells[30]

High in tumor tissue early-stage and optimal debulking patients

Associated with longer progression-free and overall survival times

Favorable

hK10

Serum[33] and tumor cells[31,32]

High in serum and on tumor cells

High serum level is associated with increased risk for relapse and death; a potential biomarker for diagnosis

Unfavorable

hK11

Serum, ascites[37], and tumor extract [34-36]

Increased in tumor samples

High level is an independent factor for favorable prognosis and is associated with long progression-free and overall survival times and with slower disease progression[34, 35]; however, high level is also associated with poor survival rate[36].

Depends

hK13

Tumor tissue[38]

verexpressed in tumor tissue

Associated with longer progression-free and overall survival times

Favorable

hK14

Tumor cells[41] and serum[40]

Increased in tumor tissue and serum

Associated with longer progression-free and overall survival times; an independent prognostic factor

Favorable

hK15

Tumor extract[42]

Increased in tumor tissue

Associated with short progression-free and overall survival times; an independent prognostic factor

Unfavorable