From: Ovarian cancer, the coagulation pathway, and inflammation
hK family member | Location | Expression level and site | Clinical feature | Prognosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
hK4 | Tumor cells | Increased in EOC tissue | Predictive marker for paclitaxel resistance[22] | Unfavorable |
hK5 | Serum, ascites, and tumor extracts [23, 24] | Increased on tumor cells and in serum and ascites | Potential biomarker for diagnosis | Unfavorable |
hK6 | Tumor cell[26] and serum[25] | High in early-stage and low-grade tumor tissue and in EOC serum | Overexpression is an early phenomenon in the development of ECO; serum level could be used as a biomarker | Unfavorable |
hK7 | Tumor tissue[27] | High in late-stage EOC | A potential biomarker for diagnosis | Unfavorable |
hK8 | Tumor extract, serum, and ascites[29] | High in serum and ascites | High level is associated with good prognosis[28, 29] | Favorable |
hK9 | Tumor cells[30] | High in tumor tissue early-stage and optimal debulking patients | Associated with longer progression-free and overall survival times | Favorable |
hK10 | Serum[33] and tumor cells[31,32] | High in serum and on tumor cells | High serum level is associated with increased risk for relapse and death; a potential biomarker for diagnosis | Unfavorable |
hK11 | Serum, ascites[37], and tumor extract [34-36] | Increased in tumor samples | High level is an independent factor for favorable prognosis and is associated with long progression-free and overall survival times and with slower disease progression[34, 35]; however, high level is also associated with poor survival rate[36]. | Depends |
hK13 | Tumor tissue[38] | verexpressed in tumor tissue | Associated with longer progression-free and overall survival times | Favorable |
hK14 | Tumor cells[41] and serum[40] | Increased in tumor tissue and serum | Associated with longer progression-free and overall survival times; an independent prognostic factor | Favorable |
hK15 | Tumor extract[42] | Increased in tumor tissue | Associated with short progression-free and overall survival times; an independent prognostic factor | Unfavorable |