Delayed treatment with oleanolic acid attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

Table 1 Biochemical and physical characteristics of the four groups at the end of the 4-week period

	VH (n = 6)	VH + OA (n = 6)	CsA (n = 6)	CsA + OA (n = 8)
Body weight (g)	35.77 ± 5.25	34.3 ± 1.45	33.97 ± 2.34	32.78 ± 4.46
Kidney weight (g)	0.23 ± 0.04	0.23 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.04	0.22 ± 0.03
Urine volume (mL)	1.53 ± 0.97	2.53 ± 1.71	7.15 ± 5.15^b	1.4 ± 1.96
Serum Cr (mg/dl)	0.21 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.11	0.25 ± 0.06
Cr Clearance (mL/min/100 g BW)	0.72 ± 0.15	0.44 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.16^a	0.52 ± 0.19
24 hr albuminuria (μg/day)	23.90 ± 4.48	26.75 ± 11.88	150.99 ± 57.42^a	57.34 ± 7.44
Urine osmolality (mOsm/kg)	2088.67 ± 963.44	810.67 ± 181.88	582.00 ± 208.89^b	2143.33 ± 547.01
CsA concentration (ng/mL)	N/A	N/A	1792.34 ± 63.08	1764.40 ± 28.56

Data are means ± SEM. ^ap < 0.05 compared with vehicle, ^bp < 0.05 compared with other groups. VH = vehicle-treated group; VH + OA = Vehicle plus oleanolic acid-treated group; CsA = cyclosporine-treated group; CsA + OA = cyclosporine plus oleanolic acid-treated group; Cr = creatinine; BW = body weight; N/A = not available.

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