Table 1 Key features of the main extracellular vesicle populations
From: Exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in children
Feature | Exosomes | Microvesicles | Apoptotic bodies |
|---|---|---|---|
1-Size | 40-100 nm | 100-1000 nm | 1000-5000 |
2-Markers | CD63, CD9, Alix, and TSG101 | Annexin V, integrin, selectin, flotillim-2 | Annexin , DNA, histones |
3-Cell shapes | Multivesicular bodies fusion with plasmatic membrane | Membrane blebbing | Cell shrinkage and cell death |
4-Contents | Proteins, RNA, and miRNA | Proteins, RNA, and miRNA Membrane permeable | Cell organelles, proteins, DNA, RNA, and miRNA |
5-Detection methods | FACS with CD68 capture, electron microscopy, Western blot for exosomes enriched markers | FACS and electron microscopy | FACS and electron microscopy |
6- Isolation method | Ultracentrifugation (100,000-200,000 g), precipitation, ultracentrifugation with density gradient Immunoprecipitation (ExoQuick) | Ultracentrifugation (10,000- 60,000 g) | No standardized method |
7-Mechanism of release | Exocytosis of MVBs | Budding from plasma membrane | Cell shrinkage and plasma membrane blebbing during cell death |
References | [34] | [35] | [36] |