Metabolomics of Ramadan fasting: an opportunity for the controlled study of physiological responses to food intake

Mathew, Sweety; Krug, Susanne; Skurk, Thomas; Halama, Anna; Stank, Antonia; Artati, Anna; Prehn, Cornelia; Malek, Joel A; Kastenmüller, Gabi; Römisch-Margl, Werner; Adamski, Jerzy; Hauner, Hans; Suhre, Karsten

doi:10.1186/1479-5876-12-161

Table 1 Metabolites with significant differences after and before fast-breaking

From: Metabolomics of Ramadan fasting: an opportunity for the controlled study of physiological responses to food intake

Metabolite	N	Fold change	p-value	Test	Significance
Insulin [U/L]	18	10.66	2.7x10⁻⁸	Mixed model	Bonf
Non-esterferied fatty acids [mmol/L]	18	−3.067	9.8x10⁻⁶	Mixed model	Bonf
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid	18	5.493	0.00020	Mixed model	Bonf
Triglycerides [mg/dl]	18	1.187	0.00026	Mixed model	FDR
Glycochhenodeoxycholic acid	18	3.823	0.00026	Mixed model	FDR
Spermidine	17	−1.181	0.00039	Mixed model	FDR
Taurocholic acid	18	4.751	0.00053	Wilcoxon	FDR
Putrescine	17	−1.473	0.00064	Mixed model	FDR
Glycodeoxycholic acid	15	5.961	0.00074	Mixed model	FDR
Glycocholic acid	18	5.199	0.00090	Mixed model	FDR
C14:2	18	−1.572	0.0016	Wilcoxon	FDR
C3	18	1.179	0.0016	Wilcoxon	FDR
Lactate [mg/dl]	18	1.560	0.0017	Mixed model	FDR
C10	18	−1.361	0.0023	Wilcoxon	FDR
C8	18	−1.238	0.0023	Wilcoxon	FDR
Glutamate	17	1.247	0.0030	Mixed model	FDR
C16:2	18	−1.420	0.0033	Mixed model	sig
H1	18	1.226	0.0035	Mixed model	sig
C10:1	18	−1.193	0.0040	Wilcoxon	sig
C14:1	18	−1.133	0.0040	Wilcoxon	sig
C14:2-OH	18	−1.189	0.0045	Wilcoxon	sig
Taurodeoxycholic acid	14	6.006	0.0056	Mixed model	sig
Arginine	17	1.202	0.0061	Mixed model	sig
Met-SO	13	2.511	0.0066	Mixed model	sig
Alanine	17	1.253	0.0067	Wilcoxon	sig
Ornithine	17	1.199	0.0074	Mixed model	sig
Proline	17	1.220	0.0084	Mixed model	sig
alpha-AAA	17	1.424	0.0094	Mixed model	sig
lysoPC a C16:0	18	1.087	0.012	Mixed model	sig
Lysine	17	1.201	0.012	Mixed model	sig
Leucine	17	1.162	0.012	Mixed model	sig
Phenylalanine	17	1.167	0.012	Mixed model	sig
Asparagine	17	1.197	0.018	Mixed model	sig
C7-DC	18	−1.190	0.021	Mixed model	sig
C0	18	1.071	0.021	Mixed model	sig
Tyrosine	17	1.139	0.022	Mixed model	sig
Isoleucine	17	1.178	0.023	Mixed model	sig
C14:1-OH	18	−1.122	0.023	Mixed model	sig
lysoPC a C17:0	18	1.103	0.026	Wilcoxon	sig
C16:1	18	−1.067	0.027	Wilcoxon	sig
PC aa C36:4	18	1.046	0.028	Mixed model	sig
C12	18	−1.244	0.034	Mixed model	sig
Tryptophan	17	1.126	0.040	Mixed model	sig
PC aa C38:5	18	1.046	0.041	Mixed model	sig
PC aa C38:4	18	1.046	0.042	Mixed model	sig
C16:1-OH	18	1.119	0.042	Mixed model	sig
Valine	17	1.137	0.043	Mixed model	sig
Citrulline	17	−1.156	0.050	Mixed model	sig

N is the number of matched pairs that entered the analysis. Fold change is the ratio between the metabolite concentrations after and before the fasting-break, based on the estimate of the mixed model. The reported (uncorrected) p-values are those of the mixed model if the Shapiro test for normality of the residual is non-significant (p > 0.05), and that of the Wilcoxon rank test otherwise. The significance level of the association is indicated: significant after Bonferroni correction (Bonf), at a false discovery rate of 5% (FDR), nominal at p < 0.05 (sig).

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ISSN: 1479-5876

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