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Table 2 Association of RKIP expression in tumor buds with clinicopathological features (n = 98)

From: Loss of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is strongly associated with high-grade tumor budding and correlates with an aggressive phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

Feature

 

Frequency N (%)

P-value

  

Low (n = 68; 69.4)

High (n = 30; 30.6)

 

Sex (n = 97)

Male

42 (62.7)

12 (40.0)

0.0476

 

Female

25 (37.3)

18 (60.0)

 

Age at diagnosis (yrs)

Median (min, max)

65 (42–83)

61 (35–84)

0.914

Tumor size (cm)

Median (min, max)

3 (1.2-6.5)

3.3 (1.2-10)

0.6526

pT classification (n = 97)

pT1-2

3 (4.5)

7 (23.3)

0.0089

 

pT3-4

64 (95.5)

23 (76.7)

 

Tumor grade (n = 98)

G1-2

8 (11.8)

3 (10.0)

1.0

 

G3

60 (88.2)

27 (90.0)

 

pN classification (n = 97)

pN0

12 (17.9)

5 (16.7)

1.0

 

pN1-2

55 (82.1)

25 (83.3)

 

pM classification (n = 97)

pM0

62 (92.5)

27 (90.0)

0.6996

 

pM1

5 (7.5)

3 (10.0)

 

Pn classification (n = 96)

Pn0

0 (0.0)

1 (3.5)

0.3021

 

Pn1

67 (100.0)

28 (96.6)

 

Lymphatic invasion (n = 97)

Negative

13 (19.4)

6 (200.)

1.0

 

Positive

54 (80.6)

24 (80.0)

 

Venous invasion (n = 97)

Negative

53 (79.1)

22 (73.3)

0.6025

 

Positive

14 (20.9)

8 (26.7)

 

R classification (n = 97)

R0

45 (67.2)

22 (73.3)

0.6382

 

R1

22 (32.8)

8 (26.7)

 

Adjuvant chemo (n = 89)

Untreated

1 (1.6)

2 (7.4)

0.2174

 

Treated

61 (98.4)

25 (92.6)

 

Tumor budding 10-in-10

Low-grade

16 (26.2)

10 (33.3)

0.6221

(n = 91)

High-grade

45 (73.8)

20 (66.7)

 

Intratumoral budding

Negative/Low

26 (38.2)

12 (41.4)

0.8224

(n = 97)

Medium/High

42 (61.8)

17 (58.6)

 

°Fisher’s Exact test

    
  1. Cutoff 10%.