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Table 1 Association of RKIP expression in main tumor with clinicopathological features (n = 114)

From: Loss of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is strongly associated with high-grade tumor budding and correlates with an aggressive phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

Feature

 

Total N (%)

Frequency N (%)

P-value

   

Low (n = 33; 29.0%)

High (n = 81; 71.1%)

 

Sex (n = 113)

Female

52 (46.0)

17 (53.1)

35 (43.2)

0.4573

 

Male

61 (54.0)

15 (46.9)

46 (56.8)

 

Age at diagnosis (yrs) (n = 112)

Median (min, max)

65 (35–84)

65 (42–83)

65 (35–84)

0.8265

Tumor size (cm) (n = 109)

Median (min, max)

3.0 (1.2-10)

3.0 (1.3-6.5)

3.0 (1.2-10)

0.5498

pT classification (n = 112)

pT1-2

10 (8.9)

0 (0.0)

10 (12.5)

0.0599°

 

pT3-4

102 (91.1)

32 (100.0)

70 (87.5)

 

Tumor grade (n = 114)

G1-2

16 (14.0)

2 (6.1)

14 (17.3)

0.205

 

G3

98 (86.0)

31 (93.9)

67 (82.7)

 

pN classification (n = 112)

pN0

20 (17.9)

5 (15.6)

15 (18.8)

0.9068

 

pN1-2

92 (82.1)

27 (84.4)

65 (81.3)

 

pM classification (n = 112)

pM0

103 (92.0)

28 (87.5)

75 (93.8)

0.4749

 

pM1

9 (8.0)

4 (12.5)

5 (6.3)

 

Pn classification (n = 110)

Pn0

1 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.3)

1.0

 

Pn1

109 (99.1)

32 (100.0)

77 (98.7)

 

Lymphatic invasion (n = 112)

Negative

21 (18.8)

4 (12.5)

17 (21.3)

0.4215

 

Positive

91 (81.3)

28 (87.5)

63 (78.8)

 

Venous invasion (n = 112)

Negative

88 (78.6)

24 (75.0)

64 (80.0)

0.7431

 

Positive

24 (21.4)

8 (25.0)

16 (20.0)

 

R classification (n = 111)

R0

78 (70.3)

21 (65.6)

57 (72.2)

0.6511

 

R1

33 (29.7)

11 (34.4)

22 (27.9)

 

Adjuvant chemo (n = 105)

Untreated

3 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

3 (4.1)

0.6204

 

Treated

102 (97.1)

31 (100.0)

71 (96.0)

 

Tumor budding 10-in-10

Low-grade

33 (30.8)

3 (10.3)

30 (38.5)

0.0048 *

(n = 107)

High-grade

77 (69.2)

26 (89.7)

48 (61.5)

 

Intratumoral budding

Negative/Low

48 (42.9)

9 (27.3)

39 (49.4)

0.0373 **

(n = 112)

Medium/High

64 (57.1)

24 (72.7)

40 (50.6)

 
  1. Cutoff 10% (ROC cutoff value).
  2. *Odds ratio estimate for high-grade tumor budding predicted by loss of RKIP is OR (95%CI): 5.42 (1.51-19.5).
  3. ** Odds ratio estimate of medium/high grade budding predicted by loss of RKIP is OR (95%CI): 2.6 (1.07-6.29).