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Figure 14 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Figure 14

From: Exendin-4 and sitagliptin protect kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury through suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction

Figure 14

Proposed mechanisms underlying the positive therapeutic effects of sitagliptin and exendin-4 on kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. GLP-1R = glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; TNF = tumor necrotic factor; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; IL = interleukin; PAI = plasminogen activator inhibitor; NF = nuclear factor; ICAM = intercellular adhesion molecule; eNOS = endothelial nitric oxide synthase; HO = heme oxygenase; NQO = NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase; GPx = glutathione peroxidase; NOX = ADPH oxidase; SOD = superoxide dismutase; PARP = poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; BUN = blood urine nitrogen.

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