Renal cell neoplasias: reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs discriminates tumor subtypes, while extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer indicates prognosis

Table 3 **Cox regression analyses of clinicopathological factors, RECK and EMMPRIN in 181 cases* of pN0/M0 renal carcinoma**

Variable	Univariate analyses		Multivariate analyses (RECK)				Multivariate analyses (EMMPRIN)
			Inclusion		Backward**		Inclusion		Backward**
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Sex	0.764	0.361	0.766	0.405			0.745	0.356
Male / female	(0.429-1.362)		(0.409-1.434)				(0.398-1.393)
Age	1.047	0.006	1.047	0.008	1.048	0.006	1.049	0.006	1.046	0.009
continous	(1.013-1.081)		(1.012-1.083)		(1.013-1.083)		(1.014-1.086)		(1.011-1.082)
pT stage	2.800	<0.001	2.595	0.001	2.958	<0.001	2.521	0.002	2.581	0.002
pT1-2 / pT3-4	(1.628-4.817)		(1.443-4.669)		(1.690-5.175)		(1.397-4.548)		(1.434-4.643)
Fuhrman grade	1.569	0.242	1.467	0.365			1.130	0.779
G1-2 / G3-4	(0.738-3.333)		(0.640-3.363)				(0.481-2.656)
Surgical margin status***	5.818	0.001	2.342	0.143			2.825	0.078	2.879	0.068
R negative / positive	(2.006-16.879)		(0.750-7.308)				(0.891-8.953)		(0.926-8.950)
RECK expression	1.063	0.880	1.040	0.930
negative / positive	(0.479-2.358)		(0.431-2.510)
EMMPRIN expression*	2.815	0.005					2.538	0.014	2.546	0.012
low (0,1) / high (2/3)	(1.372-5.776)						(1.208-5.333)		(1.229-5.277)

*EMMPRIN expression in 180 cases: 153 clear cell, 17 papillary (18 for RECK), 10 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Oncocytomas were excluded due to benignity. **Reduced model following backward Likelihood elimination (P = 0.05 for entry and P = 0.10 for removal). ***175 cases, 6 cases were Rx. Abbreviations: HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, P P value.

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