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Figure 5 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Figure 5

From: Trehalose treatment suppresses inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasospasm induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

Figure 5

Effects of trehalose on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and vasospasm in the presence of blood. (A) Changes in the luminal cross-sectional area and thickness of the arterial media of femoral vessels exposed to saline or to blood containing either saline or trehalose for 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 20 days. The ratios of the luminal cross-sectional area and the thickness of the arterial media of femoral vessels exposed to blood containing either saline (Sal) or 3.75% trehalose (Tre) to those exposed to saline alone were calculated. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.005 * as compared with saline (Mann–Whitney‘s U test). n = 6 in each group. (B) Representative H&E-stained cryosections (3 μm thick) of femoral arteries exposed to saline alone (Saline) or to blood containing either saline (Blood + Saline) or 3.75% trehalose (Blood + Trehalose) at 7 days. Scale bars, 200 μm. (C) Immunohistological analysis in the rat artery vasospasm model. The cryosections (3 μm thick) were immunostained with or without antibodies (Ab) against COX-2, iNOS, or 7-ketocholesterol (KC) and then counterstained with methyl green. Scale bars, 20 μm. All experiments were repeated more than three times. All data are shown as means ± SD.

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