Figure 1

Estrogen and estrogen metabolite (EM) levels in urine by sex and menopause status (upper panel), and in feces by conjugation status (lower panel). Total urine estrogens were measured in 25 men, 7 postmenopausal women, and 19 premenopausal women. Fecal estrogens were measured in a combined group of 22 men and 7 postmenopausal women. Mean levels (±1 standard error) are presented.