Figure 7

Changes in mRNA expressions in kidney at 24-week after CKD induction A). Significantly higher endothelin (ET)-1 expression in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1. Further increase in group 4 compared with groups 1 to 3, but significantly lower in group 5 than in group 4. B) Notably elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in group 2 than in group 1, higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2, and highest in group 4. C) Significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and highest in group 4. D) Remarkably lower endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in groups 2, 3, and 4 than in group 1, and highest in group 5. E) Significantly higher interleukin (IL)-10 expression in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2, and highest in group 5. F) Significantly higher HO-1 expression in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2, further increased in group 4 compared with groups 1 to 3, and highest in group 5. G & H) Notably increased expressions of NQO 1 and glutathione reductase (GR) in group 4 than in groups 1 to 3, and highest in group 5. I) Significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2, further increased in group 4 than in groups 1 to 3, and highest in group 5. All statistical analyses using by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test. Symbols (*, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance (at 0.05 level) (n = 10 in each group).