Figure 5

Changes in protein expressions of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant markers in kidney at 24-week after CKD induction A & B). Significantly increased oxidized protein expression in groups 2 and 3. Further increase in group 4 compared to groups 1, 2 and 3, but remarkably reduced in group 5 compared with group 4. * vs. other groups, p < 0.001. C) Notably increased protein expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in groups 3 and 4 compared with that in groups 1 and 2. Significantly increased expression in group 2 than in group 1, and highest in group 5 compared with that in other groups. * vs. other groups, p < 0.0001. D) Notably higher protein expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) 1 in groups 3 and 4 than in groups 1 and 2, and highest in groups 5 compared with that in other groups. * vs. other groups, p < 0.0001. All statistical analyses using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test. Symbols (*, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). (n = 10 in each group).