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Table 4 Mean of the various driving measures for the experimental group and control groups (using the various driving measures as experimental group without smoking)

From: The detrimental danger of water-pipe (Hookah) transcends the hazardous consequences of general health to the driving behavior

Variable

Scenario

Experimental group

Control group

Mean

Std. Deviation

Mean

Std. Deviation

Before smoking

Accident (road)1

1.77

1.95

1.50

2.13

Immediately after smoking

Accident (road)2

1.30

1.73

.90

1.37

Half an hour after smoking

Accident (road)3

.71

.96

.50

.67

Before smoking

Accident (car)1

2.99

2.86

2.47

2.61

Immediately after smoking

Accident (car)2

3.06

2.32

1.87

1.59

Half an our after smoking

Accident (car)3

4.14

2.18

3.17

1.75

Before smoking

Accident (pedestrian)1

1.30

.91

1.30

.75

Immediately after smoking

Accident (pedestrian)2

.57

.67

.43

.50

Half an hour after smoking

Accident (pedestrian)3

.71

.71

.67

.78

Before smoking

Surpassing speed limit1

10.48

7.22

8.60

6.75

Immediately after smoking

Surpassing speed limit2

9.54

6.61

8.63

7.58

Half an hour after smoking

Surpassing speed limit3

12.80

8.01

11.17

6.09

Before smoking

Total number of traffic light tickets 1

1.21

1.07

1.27

.98

Immediately after smoking

Total number of traffic light tickets 2

1.12

.86

.70

.79

Half an hour after smoking

Total number of traffic light tickets 3

.69

.72

.50

.67

Before smoking

Centerline crossings1

7.03

6.53

5.87

4.73

Immediately after smoking

Centerline crossings2

8.97

7.69

7.93

7.04

Half an hour after smoking

Centerline crossings3

9.00

5.78

6.42

4.32

Before smoking

Shoulder crossing1

7.65

6.72

6.30

5.09

Immediately after smoking

Shoulder crossing2

5.80

4.92

5.50

4.39

Half an hour after smoking

Shoulder crossing3

4.88

4.40

4.25

3.91

Before smoking

Total time1

759.82

103.78

811.91

141.69

Immediately after smoking

Total time2

748.86

98.90

757.26

174.36

Half an hour after smoking

Total time3

715.13

121.20

766.01

174.94

Before smoking

Exceeding speed limit (%time)1

13.38

10.75

10.09

9.27

Immediately after smoking

Exceeding speed limit (%time)2

56.53

347.90

13.21

12.35

Half an hour after smoking

Exceeding speed limit (%time)3

17.64

11.22

14.61

10.10

Before smoking

Not keeping within lane (%time)1

7.22

6.67

6.38

6.01

Immediately after smoking

Not keeping within lane (%time)2

8.16

6.97

7.60

6.84

Half an hour after smoking

Not keeping within lane (%time)3

7.08

4.95

5.19

3.93

  1. Table 4 Presents the average of the measures in the three main driving scenarios (prior to WPS, immediately following WPS and half an hour subsequent to smoking a Water-Pipe). These measures are the outcome of the driving scenarios for every participant and every scenario. The measures include total number of road crashes, road crashes (self crash), car accidents, pedestrian accidents, surpassing the speed limit (this measure tested the number of times the driver exceeded the speed limit), the total number of traffic light violations, centerline crossings, road shoulder crossings and speed limit violations (%time). This measure indicates the percentage of time relative to the total driving time the driver surpasses the speed limit. The final measure was for not driving within the lane (%time) which showed the percentage of time relative to the total driving time the driver drove over the center divider and the shoulder boundary.
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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